Question explored with the scientific record
Of all of the vaccines used in the UK which, if any, have had a placebo double blind study and in those trials which vaccine has the longest long term study?
The short version: the evidence you received does not contain a single placebo-controlled double-blind trial for any UK-recommended vaccine, so the question cannot be answered from this retrieval.
The studies you got are mostly about meningococcal and HPV vaccines, but they are not the kind of trial you asked about. The HPV vaccine trials described are placebo-controlled and double-blind [10, 12, 18], but none of them are on the UK schedule. The quadrivalent HPV vaccine trial in Chinese women followed participants for 78 months (6.5 years) [18], which is the longest follow-up in the evidence. But that trial was in women aged 20-45 in China, not in UK adolescents. The bivalent HPV vaccine (Cervarix) had follow-up to 7.3 years [14], but again in young adult women, not the UK target population of 12-13 year olds.
The influenza vaccine trials in the evidence are placebo-controlled and double-blind [21, 25, 27], but they test seasonal flu shots in specific groups like children with asthma or HIV-infected adults. None of these are the vaccines on the UK childhood schedule. The rotavirus vaccine trial (RotaTeq) was a large placebo-controlled study [34], but the evidence does not give its long-term follow-up duration. The nirsevimab RSV antibody trials are placebo-controlled [35], but nirsevimab is a monoclonal antibody, not a vaccine, and it is not on the UK routine schedule.
What this means: the retrieval simply did not find the studies you asked about. The UK schedule includes about a dozen vaccines given from birth through adolescence. For most of them, the original placebo-controlled trials were done years ago and are not in this evidence set. The longest follow-up among the studies that are here is 7.3 years for the bivalent HPV vaccine [14], but that study was in adult women, not UK adolescents.
My call: the evidence you received does not answer the question. The longest placebo-controlled double-blind trial with follow-up data in this retrieval is the bivalent HPV vaccine at 7.3 years [14], but it was not conducted in the UK population. Confidence: low, because the retrieval is incomplete.
Sources used 9
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HPV Vaccines
Prophylactic HPV vaccines based on virus-like particles (types 6/11/16/18 and 16/18) show high efficacy against persistent HPV infections and related cervical lesions in randomized trials, supporting vaccination before HPV exposure while highlighting implementation challenges an…
DOI: 10.1097/00256406-200606300-00001 -
Prophylactic quadrivalent human papillomavirus (types 6, 11, 16, and 18) L1 virus-like particle vaccine in young women: a randomised double-blind placebo-controlled multicentre phase II efficacy trial
This study demonstrates that a prophylactic quadrivalent HPV vaccine significantly reduces the incidence of infections and diseases associated with HPV types 6, 11, 16, and 18 in young women.
DOI: 10.1016/s1470-2045(05)70101-7 -
Sustained efficacy and immunogenicity of the HPV-16/18 AS04-adjuvanted vaccine up to 7.3 years in young adult women
A long-term follow-up study demonstrates sustained efficacy and immunogenicity of the HPV-16/18 AS04-adjuvanted vaccine (Cervarix) up to 7.3 years in young adult women, with high protection against HPV-16/18 infection and related cervical lesions, strong antibody responses, and …
DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2010.07.007 -
Efficacy of quadrivalent human papillomavirus vaccine against persistent infection and genital disease in Chinese women: A randomized, placebo-controlled trial with 78-month follow-up
Quadrivalent HPV vaccine provides sustained protection against persistent HPV infection and HPV-related genital and cervical disease in Chinese women aged 20-45 for up to 6.5 years, with 100% PPE efficacy against HPV16/18-related CIN2+ and CIN1+ for vaccine-type HPV.
DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2018.08.009 -
Influenza Vaccination in Children with Asthma
A randomized double-blind, placebo-controlled trial in children with asthma (6–18 years) found that influenza vaccination did not significantly reduce influenza-triggered asthma exacerbations compared with placebo, though vaccinated children had higher rates of minor adverse eff…
DOI: 10.1164/rccm.200309-1251oc -
Effects of influenza vaccination in HIV-infected adults: a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial
In HIV-infected adults, this randomized double-blind trial evaluated influenza vaccination and found poor antibody responses with post-vaccination increases in HIV-1 RNA and a decline in CD4% at 3 months, highlighting potential risks of routine vaccination in this population.
DOI: 10.1016/s0264-410x(97)00275-2 -
Use of Influenza A Virus Vaccines in Seronegative Children: Live Cold-Adapted Versus Inactivated Whole Virus
A randomized, placebo-controlled trial in seronegative children comparing intranasal live attenuated cold-adapted influenza A vaccines to an inactivated whole-virus vaccine and placebo shows that the live vaccines are well tolerated and can confer protection against influenza du…
DOI: 10.1093/infdis/152.6.1212 -
Prevention of Rotavirus Disease: Guidelines for Use of Rotavirus Vaccine
Pentavalent rotavirus vaccine (RotaTeq) provides strong protection against rotavirus gastroenteritis, especially severe disease, reduces healthcare utilization, and shows no clear increased risk of intussusception in large randomized trials, informing ACIP guidelines for routine…
DOI: 10.1542/peds.2006-3134 -
Nirsevimab for respiratory syncytial virus prevention: A comprehensive product review
Nirsevimab is a single-dose long-acting monoclonal antibody preventing RSV lower respiratory tract disease in infants, with high efficacy and effectiveness across trials and real-world programs, favorable safety, complementary use with maternal vaccination, and surveillance for …
DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2026.2726689