What evidence links CO2 increases to observed temperature changes?

The evidence that human-emitted CO₂ drives global warming is strong, but the records you provided do not contain the most direct test: comparing observed warming to natural-only drivers.

The retrieved studies are mostly off-topic. Record [1] (1977) shows CO₂ rising from 311 ppm to 327 ppm between 1957 and 1975, with about 40–50% of human emissions staying airborne [1]. That confirms the human pulse is large and persistent. Record [2] (2017) reconstructs a prehistoric CO₂ rise from roughly 600 ppm to 2100 ppm across the Triassic–Jurassic boundary, and shows Earth system models simulating a 3.9 °C global mean temperature increase in response, consistent with proxy data [2]. That is a paleoclimate test that CO₂ can drive global warming, and it passes.

What these records lack is a formal attribution study — one that runs a climate model with only natural forcings (solar, volcanoes, orbital cycles) and shows that the observed 20th-century warming cannot be reproduced without human CO₂ emissions. That work exists outside this retrieval and is the standard test. The records here are consistent with the human-causal conclusion but do not independently prove it. The physics of CO₂ as a greenhouse gas is basic and measured, but the retreival did not serve that evidence.

My call: the retrieval supports the link but does not contain a full causal test — the paleoclimate record confirms CO₂ drives temperature, and the modern CO₂ rise matches human emissions. Confidence: moderate.