Question explored with the scientific record
Started from a private conversation ↓
i don't understand. Why are you saying "the evidence you provide?" who is "you"?
The "you" in my previous answer was the system that fed me an evidence block and asked me to ground my answer in it. It referred to the retrieval framework you provided — not to you as a person.
The evidence you provided
, I should not have said. It sounded like I was accusing you of providing a weak evidence set. What happened is simpler: the retrieval system collected studies that did not match the question. I should have said "the retrieval surfaced studies on human vaccine attitudes, not on AI systems [1-23]." That is a description of what the tool gave me, not a judgment of what you brought.
My call: the phrasing was ambiguous and I was rude. The responsibility for clarity is on me, not on you. Confidence: high. I will say "the retrieval" instead of "you" from now on.
Sources examined 29
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The relationship between autism and autism spectrum disorders and vaccination: review of the current literature
This narrative review found no scientific evidence that MMR or thimerosal-containing vaccines cause autism or autism spectrum disorders, and concluded that current vaccination programs should be maintained.
DOI: 10.59213/tp.2025.222 -
MMR vaccine and autism: an update of the scientific evidence
This paper reviews the scientific evidence regarding the hypothesis that the MMR vaccine causes autism, concluding that there is no causal relationship supported by epidemiological studies.
DOI: 10.1586/14760584.3.1.19 -
MMR vaccine - how effective and how safe?
This narrative review assesses the effectiveness and safety of the MMR vaccine, concluding that it is highly protective against measles, mumps, and rubella, and that current evidence does not support a causal link between MMR vaccination and inflammatory bowel disease or autism.
DOI: 10.1136/dtb.2003.41425 -
Immunizations and Autism: A Review of the Literature
A critical narrative review synthesizing the literature on possible links between vaccines (notably MMR) and autism, and to a lesser extent thimerosal, concluding that there is no compelling evidence for a causal relationship and highlighting methodological limitations and biase…
DOI: 10.1017/s031716710000528x -
Autism and the measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccine
A policy-focused evaluation by a panel led by Gershon concluding that autism is not causally related to the MMR vaccine, while critiquing Wakefield’s hypothesis and synthesizing epidemiological and biological evidence against a vaccine-autism link.
DOI: 10.1016/S1576-9887(01)70258-0 -
Does the MMR vaccine cause autism? How uncritical acceptance of information can have disastrous consequences.
A narrative examination of the MMR–autism controversy, arguing that Wakefield's 1998 study was fraudulent and that extensive epidemiological evidence shows no causal link between MMR vaccination and autism, while highlighting the public health harm caused by uncritical acceptanc…
DOI: 10.31542/j.muse.265 -
Association between influenza vaccination and hospitalisation or all-cause mortality in people with COVID-19: a retrospective cohort study
In a retrospective cohort of 6921 people with COVID-19, prior influenza vaccination was associated with 15% lower odds of hospitalisation or all-cause mortality (aOR 0.85) and 24% lower odds of all-cause mortality (aOR 0.76).
DOI: 10.1136/bmjresp-2020-000857 -
Neonatal and infant mortality after maternal influenza and pertussis vaccination: Probabilistically linked cohort study
A large population-based cohort in three Australian jurisdictions linked maternal vaccination data with infant outcomes to evaluate whether in-pregnancy influenza and/or pertussis vaccination affects neonatal and infant mortality, finding reduced all-cause infant mortality with …
DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2025.2587307 -
Impact of influenza vaccination on GP-diagnosed COVID-19 and all-cause mortality: a Dutch cohort study
In a Dutch primary-care cohort of 223,580 adults, influenza vaccination in 2019 was associated with slightly higher GP-diagnosed COVID-19 rates (HR 1.15; 95% CI 1.08 to 1.22) but slightly lower all-cause mortality (HR 0.90; 95% CI 0.83 to 0.97).
DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2022-061727 -
Impact of Influenza Vaccination on All-Cause Mortality and Hospitalization for Pneumonia in Adults and the Elderly with Diabetes: A Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies
A meta-analysis of six observational studies found that influenza vaccination in adults and elderly people with diabetes was associated with lower all-cause mortality (MH-OR 0.54, 95% CI 0.40-0.74) and lower hospitalization for pneumonia (MH-OR 0.89, 95% CI 0.80-0.98).
DOI: 10.3390/vaccines8020263 -
Influenza-associated disease burden in mainland China: a systematic review and meta-analysis
An evidence synthesis and meta-analysis estimating influenza-associated mortality, hospitalization, and outpatient burden in mainland China from 2005–2019, highlighting the highest burden among adults ≥65 and children <5 and assessing sources of heterogeneity to inform vaccinati…
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-82161-z -
LB20. Impact of School-Located Influenza Vaccination on Vaccination Coverage, School Absenteeism, and Influenza Hospitalization
Late-breaker abstracts show RSV F nanoparticle vaccine immunogenicity in pregnancy, school-located influenza vaccination benefits, and preemptive therapy reduces CMV disease after liver transplant.
DOI: 10.1093/ofid/ofy229.2194 -
Early Indication of Long-Term Impact of COVID Injections
Analysis of Australian mortality data through June 2023 suggests COVID injections caused successive waves of excess deaths at a 21-week lag, with a fulfilled prediction and progressively larger dose-response, indicating possible long-term harm.
DOI: 10.33140/mcr.07.048 -
Disproportionality analysis of European safety reports on autoimmune and rheumatic diseases following COVID-19 vaccination
A pharmacovigilance-based disproportionality analysis of European Union safety reports (EudraVigilance) evaluated immune-mediated and rheumatic adverse events after COVID-19 vaccination, showing higher reporting odds for certain autoimmune rheumatic events with mRNA vaccines (no…
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-025-98313-4 -
Risk assessment for vaccination programmes in a pandemic. A Swedish model for efficacy and safety during COVID-19
Sweden implemented and evaluated a nationwide pharmacovigilance approach during the COVID-19 vaccination programme, showing that proactive monitoring enhanced safety signal detection and aimed to bolster public confidence.
DOI: 10.48101/ujms.v130.13602 -
Pharmacovigilance assessment of adverse events following yellow fever vaccination: Disproportionality analysis of VAERS reports, 2015–2025
This retrospective pharmacovigilance study analyzes US VAERS reports (2015–2025) of yellow fever vaccination using multiple disproportionality methods to characterize safety signals, confirming the expected predominance of local/mild reactions while identifying rare but clinical…
DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2025.2600765 -
An Overview of COVID-19 Vaccine Safety and Post-marketing Surveillance Systems
This article provides a comprehensive review of COVID-19 vaccine safety, emphasizing pre- and post-marketing surveillance systems, methods for signal detection and causality assessment, risk management, and real-world safety data trends from international pharmacovigilance datab…
DOI: 10.24926/iip.v12i4.4294 -
Myocarditis and Pericarditis Post-mRNA COVID-19 Vaccination: Insights from a Pharmacovigilance Perspective
This study analyzes the safety signals of myocarditis and pericarditis following mRNA COVID-19 vaccination, particularly in younger populations, using data from the Vaccine Adverse Events Reporting System (VAERS) to identify reporting trends and potential risks associated with d…
DOI: 10.3390/jcm12154971 -
Implementation and Results of Active Vaccine Safety Monitoring During the COVID-19 Pandemic in the UK: A Regulatory Perspective
Active vaccine safety monitoring in the UK used the Yellow Card Vaccine Monitor to collect longitudinal self-reported adverse reactions after COVID-19 vaccination, showing mostly acute, non-serious events, no safety concerns in pregnancy, and that YCVM provides a valuable regula…
DOI: 10.1007/s40264-025-01579-w -
Adverse events following measles, mumps, rubella and varicella virus vaccine live (PROQUAD®) reported to the vaccine adverse event reporting system (VAERS), 2015–2025
A decade-long pharmacovigilance analysis of PROQUAD® (MMRV) using VAERS data (2015–2025) identified expected reactogenicity events and several unlabeled safety signals with distinct age/sex patterns, overall confirming a favorable safety profile while highlighting signals warran…
DOI: 10.1186/s12985-025-03022-z -
Drug-Associated Parosmia: New Perspectives from the WHO Safety Database
This study investigates the association between various drugs and parosmia using data from the WHO pharmacovigilance database, identifying significant signals particularly related to COVID-19 vaccines, corticosteroids, and certain antibiotics.
DOI: 10.3390/jcm11164641 -
Safety surveillance and challenges in accelerated COVID-19 vaccine development
A comprehensive narrative review of safety surveillance and regulatory challenges in accelerated COVID-19 vaccine development, outlining regulatory pathways, pharmacovigilance requirements, post-licensure surveillance, diversity considerations, and the importance of robust PV sy…
DOI: 10.1177/20420986221116452 -
COVID-19 vaccine and menstrual conditions in female: data analysis of the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS)
Disproportionate reporting of menstrual disorders after COVID-19 vaccination is observed in VAERS data, particularly among women aged 30–49, signaling a potential safety issue but not proving causality due to spontaneous-report limitations.
DOI: 10.1186/s12905-022-01934-4 -
A prospective observational study to evaluate the safety of COVID-19 mRNA vaccines administered to Qatar Rehabilitation Institute patients
Vaccinating rehabilitation inpatients in Qatar with Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine produced mostly mild local and systemic ADRs, with no unexpected safety signals observed among 35 participants.
DOI: 10.5339/qmj.2023.10 -
Safety monitoring of GSK’s quadrivalent seasonal influenza vaccine in European countries during the 2023/24 flu season: A multicenter, non-interventional study
A prospective, multicenter noninterventional enhanced safety surveillance study across Belgium, Germany, and Spain (2023/24) evaluating GSK's quadrivalent seasonal influenza vaccine (IIV4) in adults and children, finding no new safety signals and a reactogenicity profile consist…
DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2025.2569735 -
No signal of interactions between influenza vaccines and drugs used for chronic diseases: a case-by-case analysis of the vaccine adverse event reporting system and vigibase
This study investigates the potential interactions between influenza vaccines and chronic disease medications, analyzing adverse event reports to assess the safety and implications of such interactions.
DOI: 10.1080/14760584.2018.1442718 -
Trends of Adverse Events Following Immunization (AEFI) Reports of Human Papillomavirus Vaccine in the Valencian Community—Spain (2008–2018)
Two-period trend in AEFI reporting after HPV vaccination in the Valencian Community: a sharp decline 2009-2011 followed by stabilization at a lower level through 2018, with most events nonserious and no deaths.
DOI: 10.3390/vaccines8010117 -
Monitoring Vaccine Safety Depends on Reports from Providers
An editorial overview arguing that post-licensure vaccine safety monitoring relies on provider reports to VAERS and MedWatch, highlighting underreporting and the role of FDA/CDC analyses in detecting safety signals and guiding recalls when necessary.
DOI: 10.1016/s1086-5802(15)30390-9 -
Update on Thromboembolic Events After Vaccination Against COVID-19
This review provides an updated synthesis of the incidence, risk factors, and management of thromboembolic events after COVID-19 vaccination, highlighting that such events are rare overall, with higher risk signals for adenoviral-vector vaccines (VITT, CVST) compared to mRNA vac…
DOI: 10.3390/vaccines13080833