Question explored with the scientific record
sandomigran side effects
The short version: the evidence you got does not contain a single study on Sandomigran (pizotifen). The retrieval returned studies on unrelated drugs. I cannot give you side-effect numbers from thin air.
The searches that fed this answer did not find any study on pizotifen, the active ingredient in Sandomigran. The records above cover propafenone, mefloquine, sumatriptan, propranolol, and many other drugs, but none on pizotifen. That is a retrieval failure, not a finding that the drug is safe or that side effects are absent.
What I can tell you from general clinical knowledge (not from these records) is that pizotifen is a serotonin antagonist used for migraine prophylaxis. Its known side effects include drowsiness, weight gain, and increased appetite. But I cannot give you rates, frequencies, or trial data because the evidence block here does not contain them. A proper answer would require a targeted search of the pizotifen literature, including the manufacturer's trials and independent post-market surveillance.
My call: the evidence provided does not answer the question. Confidence: not clear. The retrieval simply missed the target.
Sources used 40
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Oral propafenone therapy for children with arrhythmias: Efficacy and adverse effects in midterm follow-up
This study evaluates the efficacy and safety of oral propafenone therapy in 57 children with various arrhythmias, finding it effective particularly in those with normal hearts, while noting a low incidence of adverse effects.
DOI: 10.1016/0002-8703(91)90467-v -
Safety of COVID‐19 vaccines
A cross-sectional survey of 1,736 adults in Iraq and Jordan assessed post-vaccination adverse effects after Pfizer-BioNTech, AstraZeneca, and Sinopharm vaccines, finding generally mild to moderate reactogenicity with Sinopharm showing comparatively fewer adverse effects and seve…
DOI: 10.1002/jmv.27214 -
Does mefloquine prophylaxis affect electroencephalographic patterns?
This study investigates the effects of mefloquine prophylaxis on electroencephalogram (EEG) patterns in healthy travelers, revealing no significant increase in abnormal EEGs but highlighting gender differences in drug serum levels and adverse effects.
DOI: 10.1016/s0002-9343(01)01065-8 -
The Latest Update on Over-the-Counter Cough and Cold Product Use in Children
This study reviews the safety and efficacy of over-the-counter cough and cold medications in children, highlighting the lack of evidence supporting their use and the associated risks of adverse effects.
DOI: 10.5863/1551-6776-14.3.127 -
Pathological characteristics and early post-hepatic-resection outcome of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma occurred after hepatitis C treatment with new direct-acting antivirals: a multicenter cohort study
This multicenter study evaluates the efficacy and safety of Regorafenib in treating hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in real-life settings, highlighting its impact on survival and the predictive value of dermatological adverse effects from prior treatment with Sorafenib.
DOI: 10.1016/S0168-8278(18)30248-4 -
Facial hypertrichosis and trichomegaly developing in patients treated with the epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitor erlotinib
This study reports on the adverse effects of the epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitor erlotinib, specifically facial hypertrichosis and trichomegaly, in three patients with metastatic lung adenocarcinoma, highlighting the need for awareness of such side effects in clinical…
DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2009.11.589 -
Complications in cerebral angiography
This study compares the adverse effects and complications of a new non-ionic contrast medium, iohexol, with an ionic medium, meglumine metrizoate, in 100 patients undergoing cerebral angiography, finding that iohexol is better tolerated despite minor subjective adverse effects w…
DOI: 10.1007/BF00455735 -
Safety and efficacy of durvalumab (MEDI4736) in various solid tumors
This meta-analysis evaluates the safety and efficacy of durvalumab (MEDI4736), a PD-L1 inhibitor, in various solid tumors, finding it to be safe with manageable adverse effects and improved prognosis associated with higher PD-L1 expression.
DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s162214 -
Pharmacokinetic and Safety Evaluation of Lurasidone in Pediatric Patients with Psychiatric Disorders
This study evaluates the pharmacokinetics and safety of lurasidone in pediatric patients aged 6 to 17 with various psychiatric disorders, identifying a tolerated dose range and common adverse effects.
DOI: 10.1016/s0924-9338(15)30944-5 -
Comparison of Propranolol versus Amitriptyline as monotherapy for migraine prophylaxis
A randomized, double-blind, single-center trial comparing propranolol and amitriptyline as monotherapy for migraine prophylaxis in 140 adults, showing amitriptyline more effective in reducing migraine attack frequency, duration, and severity than propranolol.
DOI: 10.53730/ijhs.v6ns1.6578 -
Improvement in Quality of Life and Activity Limitations in Migraine Patients after Prophylaxis. A Prospective Longitudinal Multicentre Study
This study demonstrates that migraine prophylaxis significantly improves health-related quality of life and reduces activity limitations in patients with migraine without aura, as evidenced by reductions in headache frequency and medication consumption over a three-month period.
DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-2982.2005.01094.x -
A Randomized, One-Year Clinical Trial Comparing the Efficacy of Topiramate, Flunarizine, and a Combination of Flunarizine and Topiramate in Migraine Prophylaxis
This study evaluates the efficacy and safety of flunarizine, topiramate, and their combination for migraine prophylaxis over one year, finding that all treatments are effective with the combination showing the best results in reducing headache severity and weight gain.
DOI: 10.1111/j.1526-4637.2011.01295.x -
Montelukast for Migraine Prophylaxis: A Randomized, Double‐Blind, Placebo‐Controlled Study
Montelukast 20 mg was well tolerated but not effective for migraine prophylaxis in a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, showing no significant difference from placebo across primary and secondary outcomes over 3 months.
DOI: 10.1111/j.1526-4610.2004.446006.x -
Propranolol and venlafaxine for vestibular migraine prophylaxis: A randomized controlled trial
This randomized controlled trial compared the effectiveness of venlafaxine and propranolol for vestibular migraine prophylaxis, finding both treatments equally effective in reducing vertiginous symptoms, with venlafaxine potentially superior in alleviating depressive symptoms.
DOI: 10.1002/lary.25445 -
A Randomized Trial of Propranolol versus Sodium Valproate for the Prophylaxis of Migraine in Pediatric Patients
This study compares the efficacy and tolerability of propranolol and sodium valproate for migraine prophylaxis in pediatric patients, finding that both medications are effective, with propranolol showing a statistically significant greater reduction in headache frequency.
DOI: 10.2165/11316270-000000000-00000 -
Efficacy of Zhengtian Pill for migraine prophylaxis: A randomized, multicenter, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group study
This study evaluates the efficacy and safety of Zhengtian Pill for migraine prophylaxis through a randomized, multicenter, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial involving 219 patients, demonstrating significant reductions in migraine frequency, duration, and acute medication us…
DOI: 10.1016/j.eujim.2014.01.005 -
The Dose of Propranolol for Migraine Prophylaxis. Efficacy of Low Doses
A clinical study evaluating the efficacy and dose-response of low-dose propranolol as migraine prophylaxis in 53 patients, showing substantial benefit at low doses with some requiring higher doses and noting tolerability issues and side effects.
DOI: 10.1046/j.1468-2982.1989.0904287.x -
An open-label pilot study on the efficacy and tolerability of levetiracetam in the prophylaxis of migraine
An open-label pilot study evaluating levetiracetam for migraine prophylaxis in 20 adults with migraine without aura, showing a majority achieving ≥50% reduction in headache days and improved attack parameters with mild tolerability issues, but requiring confirmation in controlle…
DOI: 10.1007/s10194-003-0043-8 -
Can We Really Stop Pediatric Migraine?
No convincing evidence currently exists to support pharmacological prophylaxis of pediatric migraine in children and adolescents.
DOI: 10.1001/jamapediatrics.2019.5907 -
A Randomized Double‐Blind Placebo‐Controlled Trial of Thioctic Acid in Migraine Prophylaxis
A multicenter, randomized double-blind trial evaluated whether high-dose thioctic acid (600 mg/day) reduces migraine prophylaxis outcomes; while some within-group improvements were observed for thioctic acid, there was no statistically significant advantage over placebo, and the…
DOI: 10.1111/j.1526-4610.2006.00626.x -
Prophylactic Effect of Flunarizine versus Metoprolol in Migraine
This study conducted a multicenter randomized double-blind controlled trial to compare the efficacy of flunarizine and metoprolol in migraine prophylaxis, finding both drugs equally effective but with a higher dropout rate for flunarizine due to adverse effects.
DOI: 10.1177/0333102489009s10189 -
Complement activation following first exposure to pegylated liposomal doxorubicin (Doxil®): possible role in hypersensitivity reactions
This study investigates the role of complement activation in hypersensitivity reactions to pegylated liposomal doxorubicin (Doxil) in cancer patients, finding a significant association between complement activation and the occurrence of hypersensitivity reactions.
DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdg374 -
The hypersensitive reaction to bacterial canker in Mirabilis jalapa is simply inherited
This study investigates the genetic basis of the hypersensitive reaction to bacterial canker in the four o'clock plant (Mirabilis jalapa), demonstrating that the trait is controlled by a single dominant gene.
DOI: 10.1071/ap96011 -
Hypersensitivity reaction associated with acute hepatic dysfunction following a single intravenous dose of procainamide
This study reports a case of a hypersensitivity reaction leading to acute hepatic dysfunction in a healthy 23-year-old man following a single intravenous dose of procainamide, highlighting the need for awareness of such rare adverse reactions in clinical practice.
DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2796.1992.tb00599.x -
Arthralgia and Fevers in a Patient With Autoimmune Hepatitis
This case study describes a 66-year-old man with autoimmune hepatitis who developed arthralgia and fevers after starting azathioprine, ultimately diagnosed with erythema nodosum as a hypersensitivity reaction to the medication.
DOI: 10.1001/jama.2016.6818 -
Cetuximab-Induced Anaphylaxis and IgE Specific for Galactose-α-1,3-Galactose
This study investigates the presence of IgE antibodies against cetuximab, a monoclonal antibody used in cancer treatment, and their association with hypersensitivity reactions, revealing that many patients had preexisting antibodies specific for galactose-α-1,3-galactose before …
DOI: 10.1056/NEJMOA074943 -
A case of severe erythema nodosum induced by methimazole
This case report describes a 64-year-old female patient who developed severe erythema nodosum as a delayed hypersensitivity reaction to methimazole, highlighting the need for awareness of this rare side effect associated with anti-thyroid medications.
DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2016.11.003 -
Incidence of Carboplatin-Related Hypersensitivity Reactions in Japanese Patients With Gynecologic Malignancies
This study retrospectively analyzes the incidence of carboplatin-related hypersensitivity reactions (HSRs) in Japanese patients with gynecologic malignancies, finding an overall incidence of 8.85% and identifying significant risk factors associated with increased severity of rea…
DOI: 10.1111/igc.0b013e3181a1bf2e -
A Multinational Investigation of the Impact of Subcutaneous Sumatriptan
This study evaluates the effects of subcutaneous sumatriptan on health-related quality of life, workplace productivity, clinical parameters, and patient satisfaction in adult migraine patients across five countries, demonstrating superior efficacy compared to customary therapy.
DOI: 10.2165/00019053-199700111-00004 -
Increased C-Reactive Protein in Young Adult Patients with Migraine
This study found that interictal serum C-reactive protein levels were significantly higher in young adult patients with migraine compared to matched controls, suggesting a potential inflammatory component in migraine pathology.
DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-2982.2007.01324.x -
Subcutaneous Sumatriptan Provides Symptomatic Relief at any Pain Intensity or Time During the Migraine Attack
In a real-world open cross-over study of 20 adult migraine patients, subcutaneous sumatriptan given early versus later during a migraine attack produced similar pain relief and recurrence outcomes, suggesting non-oral sumatriptan can be effective even when treatment is delayed.
DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-2982.2005.00999.x -
Pharmacokinetics and Clinical Utility of Valproic Acid Administered via Continuous Infusion
This study evaluates the pharmacokinetics and clinical efficacy of continuous infusion of valproic acid in hospitalized patients with migraines and seizures, demonstrating its safety and effectiveness in maintaining therapeutic concentrations.
DOI: 10.1007/s40263-015-0304-5 -
Headache and anxiety–depressive disorder comorbidity: the HADAS study
The HADAS study investigates the prevalence and types of psychiatric comorbidity, specifically anxiety and depression, in adult patients with migraine and tension-type headaches across multiple Italian centers.
DOI: 10.1007/s10072-007-0780-6 -
Cortical network dysfunction in migraine: linking genes, metabolism and clinical disability
A multiscale study in adults with migraine (139 patients vs 65 controls; replication cohort 70 vs 33) links cortical network dysfunction measured by Morphometric Inverse Divergence (MIND) to cortical gene expression and normative brain metabolism, showing disease-specific networ…
DOI: 10.1186/s10194-025-02182-1 -
Patient-reported outcomes of rimegepant for acute and preventive treatment of migraine in China: a prospective, multicenter, real-world study
A multicenter real-world prospective study in Chinese adults with migraine evaluating the effectiveness, patient-reported outcomes, and safety of rimegepant in both acute and preventive use over 4 weeks, showing clinically meaningful improvements in headache impact, quality of l…
DOI: 10.1186/s10194-025-02197-8 -
Internet use May be associated with the severity of headache in migraine patients: results from a Hungarian tertiary headache center
Nighttime internet use and problematic internet use are linked to higher migraine severity among Hungarian adults with migraine attending a tertiary headache center.
DOI: 10.1186/s12889-025-22255-9 -
High-rate repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation in migraine prophylaxis: a randomized, placebo-controlled study
This study demonstrates the efficacy and safety of high-rate repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) in reducing headache frequency and severity in migraine patients compared to sham stimulation.
DOI: 10.1007/s00415-013-7072-2 -
Coenzyme Q10 supplementation for prophylaxis in adult patients with migraine—a meta-analysis
A systematic review and meta-analysis of six randomized controlled trials (n=371) suggests that Coenzyme Q10 supplementation modestly reduces migraine attack duration and frequency in adults, with no significant reduction in severity and with overall low-to-moderate quality of e…
DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-039358 -
A Comparative Study of Cognitive Distortion among Mild and Severe Migraine Patients
Severe migraine disability is associated with higher cognitive distortion among 62 migraine patients in Ranchi, with CDS scores significantly higher in the severe group than in the mild group.
DOI: 10.36948/ijfmr.2024.v06i04.26405 -
CGRP – a target for acute therapy in migraine: Clinical data
A comprehensive review of CGRP receptor antagonists (gepants) for acute migraine treatment, summarizing randomized trials that show efficacy superior to placebo with generally good tolerability, while noting safety concerns (notably telcagepant hepatotoxicity) and outlining the …
DOI: 10.1177/0333102418768095