are there long term effects of cipro?

The short version: the retrieved evidence does not study the long-term adverse effects of ciprofloxacin in the way you are asking about.

The studies here are mostly about how to deliver ciprofloxacin in a controlled way, or how to reduce its use, or about its effect on gut bacteria. One study found that ciprofloxacin can disrupt the gut microbiome for up to a year, with some bacterial groups not recovering within the study period [1]. That is a real long-term effect, but it is a change in your internal ecosystem, not a symptom you would necessarily feel.

The evidence on heart rhythm risk is relevant but indirect. A review notes that ciprofloxacin is the weakest HERG channel blocker among fluoroquinolones and is "associated infrequently with QTc interval prolongation or torsades de pointes" [2]. That means it can cause a dangerous heart rhythm, but the risk is lower than with other drugs in its class. The review does not give a rate for how often this happens.

What is missing from this retrieval is any study that followed people for years after a course of ciprofloxacin to count tendon ruptures, nerve damage, or other well-documented fluoroquinolone toxicities. Those harms are known from other sources, but this search did not surface them. The evidence here cannot tell you how common those are, or whether they happen more often with ciprofloxacin than with other antibiotics.

My call: the evidence here shows a real but unquantified risk of gut microbiome disruption and a low risk of heart rhythm problems. It does not address the long-term harms that have been reported with this class of drugs. Confidence: low for the specific question of long-term adverse effects.