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Do you anything about herbs specificlly Comfrey

Oct 15, 2026 · 5 sources used · OpenNeedle synthesis
Comfrey as a cream may help wounds heal. Comfrey by mouth can kill you.

The harm is well documented. Comfrey contains pyrrolizidine alkaloids, chemicals that damage the liver. A 23-year-old man in New Zealand who ate comfrey leaves daily died of hepatic veno-occlusive disease, where small liver veins plug up and the liver fails [1]. The same alkaloid class causes liver disease, cirrhosis, and cancer concerns in animals and contaminated foods [3][4]. In mice, chronic low-dose exposure produced liver tumors and liver damage in most animals [5]. Regulators set tolerable daily intakes near 1 microgram per kilogram of body weight, and Germany allows zero in herbal products for pregnant women [4].

The benefit side is thinner but real. One randomized double-blind trial in 108 children with skin abrasions tested a 10% comfrey leaf cream against a weaker 1% preparation. The 10% cream healed wounds in about 4 days versus about 9 days for the weak preparation [2]. Note the comparison: both groups got comfrey, just different strengths. There was no true placebo arm, so the trial shows the stronger cream beats the weaker one, not that comfrey beats doing nothing.

FindingDetail
Fatal liver disease caseMan eating 4-5 comfrey leaves daily [1]
Wound healing, 10% cream~4.1 days to heal [2]
Wound healing, 1% cream~8.9 days to heal [2]
Regulatory safe intake~1 µg/kg body weight per day [4]

The retrieval did not surface trials of comfrey for sprains, back pain, or other common uses, so I cannot weigh those here. What it does show is enough for a clear rule: keep comfrey off the skin of broken skin and never swallow it. Topical use on intact skin, short term, is where the benefit evidence sits; internal use is where the deaths sit.

My call: comfrey cream on intact skin for minor wounds is reasonable and has trial support; comfrey by mouth is a firm no, because the liver toxicity is proven and the dose that hurts is not well known. Confidence: high on the toxicity, moderate on the wound-healing benefit.

Keep digging

Sources used 5

  1. Hepatic veno‐occlusive disease associated with comfrey ingestion Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology (1990) Thin

    Ingestion of comfrey leaves containing hepatotoxic pyrrolizidine alkaloids is temporally linked to fatal hepatic veno-occlusive disease in a 23-year-old man, suggesting a causal relationship.

    DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1746.1990.tb01827.x
  2. Randomized Double-Blind Study: Wound-Healing Effects of a Symphytum Herb Extract Cream (Symphytum×uplandicum Nyman) in Children Arzneimittelforschung (2012) Thin

    This study investigates the wound-healing effects of a topical cream containing a 10% extract of Symphytum × uplandicum Nyman in children with fresh abrasions, demonstrating a statistically significant improvement in healing rates compared to a 1% control preparation.

    DOI: 10.1055/s-0032-1308981
  3. Pyrrolizidine alkaloid toxicity in livestock: a paradigm for human poisoning? Food Additives & Contaminants: Part A (2011) Thin

    This study investigates the toxicity of pyrrolizidine alkaloids in livestock and their potential implications for human health, particularly in relation to food contamination and chronic diseases.

    DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2010.547519
  4. Pyrrolizidine alkaloids in food: a spectrum of potential health consequences Food Additives & Contaminants: Part A (2011) Thin

    This 2014 review synthesizes what is known about dietary pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PAs) and their N-oxides in foods (notably honey, bee products, grains, milk and meat), their toxic mechanisms, risk assessments, and potential links to chronic diseases such as hepatic veno-occlusi…

    DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2010.547520
  5. Heterozygous p53 knockout mouse model for dehydropyrrolizidine alkaloid‐induced carcinogenesis Journal of Applied Toxicology (2015) Thin

    This study evaluates whether male heterozygous p53 knockout mice can serve as a small-animal model to assess the carcinogenic potential of dehydropyrrolizidine alkaloids (specifically riddelliine) under short-term high-dose gavage or long-term low-dose dietary exposure, finding …

    DOI: 10.1002/jat.3120

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